By Ho Shee Wai

Director/Registered Psychologist

Step 1: Identifying Sexual Abuse

The first step in the process is Identifying the abuse.  Often we hear clients say “It’s not as if I was raped”, not understanding that sexual abuse come in a range of behaviours and all of them have damaging consequences to the person.

What is sexual abuse?

Sexual abuse is any non-consenting sexual act or behaviours:

• Forcing sexual activity when:

  • Person indicates “no” and his/her limits are not respected

  • Person is sleeping

  • Person is drunk, drugged, or high and unable to say “no”

  • Person is afraid to say “no”

• Insisting that the person dress in a more sexual way than he/she wishes to

• Making demeaning remarks about how the person dress

• Making demeaning remarks about the person’s body or body parts

• Minimizing the person’s feelings about sex

• Berating the person about his/her sexual history; blaming the person if he/she was sexually abused in the past or as a child

• Criticizing the person sexually (e.g. calling the person “frigid”)

• Insisting on touching the person sexually when he/she doesn’t want to be touched, either when alone or in the presence of others

• Calling the person a whore or slut

• Inappropriate holding or kissing

• Physically attacking a person’s sexual body part

• Forcing the person to perform any specific sexual act that he/she doesn’t wish to

• Making suggestive flirtatious remarks or proposition

• Leering and inappropriate sexual glances

Step 2: Acceptance

The second step is Accepting that the abuse had happened and is having Impacts in your life, for example your communication styles, your self-confidence, and your trust level.  Some of the specific symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder that resulted from the abuse include flashback, hypervigilance, numbing, emotional overreactions, etc.

 This step also includes recognizing some of the dysfunctional defenses that you may have (and are still using):

• Minimizing (pretending it wasn’t that bad)

• Rationalizing (Explaining it away “he was drunk”)

• Denying (pretending it didn’t happen)

• Forgetting (all or part of the abuse)

• Splitting (2 different feeling state, e.g., good-bad)

• Control (avoid chaos at all costs, rigidity and inflexibility)

• Chaos (generate crisis to keep yourself too busy to feel)

• Escaping (fantasy life replaces reality)

• Self-harming (control over experience of pain)

• Addiction (numbing the pain)

• Eating disorder (thinness to avoid growing into a mature body or obesity to keep one safe and unattractive)

• Avoiding intimacy (safety)

• Compulsive sex (search of physical comfort)

Step 3: Healing

The third step is Healing.  This is not something that you can do just by yourself.  Often this required the support and guidance of an experienced Psychologist, Counsellor, or Psychotherapist who will help you work on issues of:

• safety (having ability to assess external situation of risk to self or others and taking appropriate step to protect self and others, recognize internal trigger(s) and taking appropriate action to restores a sense of safety for self and others)

• shame (overcoming your inner experience of feeling worthless, rejected, damaged, bad)

• blame (appropriately allocating where the blame should be for the abuse, i.e., abuser, parents, etc)

• self esteem (rebuilding a healthy sense of self and understanding who you are)

• sexuality (developing and healing so that you can experience sex in a healthy manner, neither avoiding nor having compulsion, and being able to connect it to intimacy in relationship)

• trust (learning to trust yourself, trust appropriate person who are safe)

• intimacy (allowing yourself to be close to another person and another person to be close to you)

This step also includes grieving all the losses that you experienced due to the abuse. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been demonstrated to be the most effective therapeutic approach to help with the healing process.

Step 4: Reclaiming your Life

The final step is Reclaiming your life.  You will need to learn how to live life differently, overcoming the impact of the abuse.  This is also not easy given that you have formed certain habits and lack various skills.  This is also where a supportive Psychologist, Counsellor or Psychotherapist is able to help you with.  The goal of this step is to help you have freedom to:

• see and hear (perceive) what is here and now, rather than what was, will be or should be

• think what you thinks, rather than what you should think

• feel what you feels, rather than what you should feel

• want (desire) and to choose what you want, rather than what you should want

• imagine your own self-actualization, rather than playing a rigid role or always playing it safe

Remember, you do not need to merely be surviving your trauma. With appropriate help for a professional Psychologist, Counsellor, or Psychotherapist, you are able to triumph over this horrific experience and emerge victorious.